Author: Chester

advantages:

Trade, source: http://www.theweek.co.uk/eu-referendum

One of the most enticing things about the E.U., is the European trade routes. We can easily trade with European superpowers such as Germany and France

• manchester united have been struggling under manager louis van gaal.
• after their loss on saturday against southampton, he walked off the pitch to boos from the fans.
• he is under pressure now as he is 5 points off the top four, and has not had a good record.
• van gaal is likely to be sacked after a dissapointing run of results having not scored before half time in over

The book that I have picked to write my first theme study entry on is the third in the Percy Jackson series by Rick Riordan. The Titan’s curse begins with one of Percy’s best friends and one of the main characters, Annabeth, being kidnapped by a manticore (mythical creature). The story’s spine is built on this opening event, which then leads to the climax. Percy and his friends embark on a quest to save Annabeth from the Titan Kronos and his evil army, whose goal is to destroy the Gods and rule the modern world. Percy shows immense ambition to fight through and persevere against anything in his way, so that he can achieve his goal of saving his friend. His drive pays off and he manages to rescue her. He shows further ambition however, when he has accomplished what he set out to do, yet puts his life in danger as he fights the Titans. Percy also jumps under the Titan Atlas’ punishment which is holding the weight of the world. This shows Percy’s ambition and character, as he pushes beyond his mental and physical limits to save his friend Annabeth, and the world.

I finally stepped off the cramped train into the crowded train station. My heart stopped for a moment as i looked around for my bag – but then i felt the familiar weight in my hand, and my heart beat slowly returned. My eyes drifted to my surroundings. Hundreds of people were stepping off of my train onto the platform 3. They all surged towards the ticket barriers where the ticket men were already waiting with their bright neon jackets. The ticket men’s jackets were not the only things that stood out from the crowd. Littered around the station were

CHAPTER 1

Firstly, Pip meets a threatening old man in leg irons.The man tells Pip that his accomplice, a young man, wants to cut him open. This scares Pip into submission. The man demands Pip to bring food and a file so he can break off his shackles. They agree to meet the following day.

CHAPTER 2

Pip goes home to his sister, ms Joe. and her husband, me Joe. During dinner, he slips his slice of bread down his trouser leg. Mr Joe thinks he’s eaten the whole bread really quickly, and ms Joe takes notice. She forced him o take some medicine. Early in the following morning, he sneaks into the kitchen and steals more food. Pip then goes into his brother in laws forge and steals a file. After this, he runs off into the marshes to meet the man in leg irons.

CHAPTER 3

As Pip makes his way through the marshes, he comes across a man wearing rags and a leg iron, just like the old man. He thinks that this other man is the young man who wants to cut him open. He hurries off in a fright. Eventually, he meets the first man, and gives him the food. He then tells him that he saw the young man. Hearing this, the old man exclaims how he will “pull him down like a bloodhound”. He demands Pip to give him the file, and proceeds by trying to cut his leg irons off. Pip takes this opportunity to sneak home.

CHAPTER 4

Upon arriving back home, Pip and mr Joe go to church to celebrate Christmas. They go in ms Joes stead. Attendees were Mr Wopsle, Mr  and Ms Hubble and Uncle Pumblechoock. Suddenly, there is a knock on the door and a Policeman enters with some handcuffs.

CHAPTER 5

The policeman isnt there for Pip, like he feared, but wants his cuffs fixed. Joe, being a blacksmith, fixes the handcuffs in his forge. Whilst he does this, mr pumblechoock acts like the house is his, and is very pompous. After the cuffs are mended by joe, the Policeman states that him and his men are off to the marshes to find the escaped convict. Joe and Pip and Mr. Wopsle go with them. After a while of searching in the marshes, they happen upon a commotion. It is the two convicts fighting. They arrest them and take them to the docks to a prisoners ship. Before they load the convicts on board, Pip’s convict takes the blame for stealing the food and whittles from Joe’s forge, therefore saving Pip from any future harm. Then, the prisoners and the ship set sail for Australia.

CHAPTER 6

In this chapter, Pip just reminisces about what has happened and tells us his thoughts. This chapter is “written” by older Pip.

CHAPTER 7

Pip is in his parents graveyard where he firs met his convict, trying to read his parents tomb stones. Later on in the chapter, Pip trys to write a letter to Joe. When Joe reads it, he is astounded and tells Pip how he is a scholar. You realise how uneducated Joe is when he confesses he can not spell his own surname. This leads to Joe speaking to Pip about his childhood and how his father was abusive to his mother. He also states how he didn’t go to school. Despite this, Joe still loves his father and defends him. Then mr Pumblechook arrives with his horse chart. Then ms Havisham – who is very rich – comes into the conversation and it turns out that he is going to her house.

CHAPTER 8

Chapter 8 begins with Pip in Mr Pumplechooks market stall. They then go out of town to miss havishams mansion. Upon arriving, they are met by a young girl called Estella. They go inside without Mr Pumblechoock, and meet the host. Miss Havisham turns out to be an old lady wearing an old yellowing wedding dress. She seems very strange to Pip, and she asks him to play cards with Estella. She also asks Pip what he thinks of Estella and wether he fancys her. Pip confesses that he thinks she is very pretty. As they play cards, Estella realises that Pip calls the cards by different names and mocks him for it. This make Pip feel very out of place.

CHAPTER 9

When Pip arrived back at his house, ms Joe asked Pip all about his experiences at Miss Havishams. Pip knows that they (Ms Joe, Joe and mr Pumplechook) wont believe him anyway, so he tells them some extravagent lies. He firstly states that she is “tall and dark”, which we know is the opposite of her stature. Mr pumplechook then proceeds to knowingly wink, which tells Pip that he has never seen Ms Havisham. Next, Pip tells his audience that she was sitting in a black velvet coach, eating cake and drinking wine on a gold plate. Ms Joe and the other stare in “utter amazement”. Ms joe again asks “Pumplechook” wether this is true – wherein he confesses that he has “never clapped eyes upon her”. Later on that day, Pip confesses to Joe that all he said was a lie, and how down he feels about being “common”. Joe tries to comfort him and reassure him by telling him that you “cant be uncommon without being common first”. Pip goes to bed. Narrator Pip then  asks us to think about a moment in our lives which has changed the path we take.

CHAPTER 10

To become “uncommon”, Pip decides that he must be schooled. He believes that Estella is more likely to like him if he has an education. His current teacher ms Wopsle is inadequate however, due to the fact that all she does is sleep. Biddy therefore agrees to teach Pip what she can, along with all the other children in the town. One night, Pip strides into the Three Jolly Bargemen to meet Joe and Mr Wopsle. Sitting beside the two men is a stranger, who stares at Pip knowingly as he sits down. Pip’s heart beats faster as the man pulls out a file and stirs his drink with it. Pip knows that its the file he gave to the convict to help him escape his shackles. Nobody else notices this sly. The evening wears on, and as Pip, Joe and Mr Wopsle get up to leave, the man hands Pip some change wrapped up. Too shaken by the events, Pip doesn’t check how much it is till they arrive home. He can’t believe his eyes: £20! Upon showing this to Joe, being the kind hearted man he is, Joe runs back to the three jolly bargemen with the money and the thought of returning it. When he arrives though, the man is nowhere to be found. When he returns, Ms Joe puts it in a teapot for safekeeping, in the hope that they can find the man and return it to him.

CHAPTER 11

This is the day that Pip is to go to Ms Havishams house for the second time. His family are very anxious. When he arrives, Estella treats him like dirt. She leads him down a corridor and through a door, telling him to “stand there boy, till you are wanted”. In the room were 3 women and a man. He thinks that they are all “humbugs”, but that they pretend not to know the others are. They are were only there so Ms havisham would consider them in her will. Soon after, Estella proclaims, “now boy!”, and leads Pip down the passage. Suddenly, Estella stops and faces Pip in the dark corridor. “Well?” she asks. “Well, miss?” Pip asks. She asks him if he thinks she’s pretty. “Yes”, he says. She then asks whether he thinks she’s insulting. Pip tells her she’s not as insulting as the last time they met. She becomes angry and slaps Pip and asks, “Now? You little coarse monster, what do you think of me now?” Pip doesn’t tell her and she asks why he doesn’t cry “you little wretch?” Pip, in answer tells her that hell never cry for her again, and then admits to us, the audience that this was “as false a declaration as ever was made”. Pip and estella go to ms Havisham and there is a sense that the “humbugs” are waiting for Havisham to die so they can get her money. Later on pip fights a “pale young gentlemen”, and beats him.

CHAPTER 12

Pip is very nervous of the consequences of his fight. When he goes to Ms ahavishams house, he expects her to take “personal vengeance” However nothing comes of the pale young gentleman. Pip takes notice that Havisham would sometimes whisper “break their hearts my pride and hope”. As Pip spends more time with Havisham, he begins to take note of his family’s “flaws”. Ms Havisham asks Pip if he can bring Joe with him next time he visits. When Pip tells Ms Joe, she becomes very jealous and goes on a “rampage”

CHAPTER 13

Pip and Joe venture to Havishams. Joe attempts to dress “posh” for the occasion. When they arrive, Ms Havisham is very questioning of Joe and when he answers he puts on a sophisticated accent… and fails. At the end of the visit, Ms Havisham gives Pip a sum of £25 which was a lot. That night they go to the three jolly barge men and celebrate. Pip is officially given his apprenticeship.

CHAPTER 14

In this chapter, Pip reminisces about past times. He wishes he lived Ms Havishams lifestyle, and not his common lifestyle. He is also annoyed that he can’t see Estella anymore, as she has gone to France for her education.

CHAPTER 15

Pip approaches Joe. He asks him if they can go to see Estalla in France. Joe doesn’t have the financial means to pull this off. Orlick, Joes work partner, argues that Pip is allowed a break but he is not. It leads to a fight which Joe wins. Later on, Pip ventures off to find Estalla but is told she is abroad. On his way home, Pip sees Orlick. Orlick tells Pip that Ms Joe has been injured in a break in and they rush home.

CHAPTER 16

Everyone in the village has gathered around Joes house. It seems as though ms Joe has been hit round the head in a break in. Pip suspects that Orlick did it, due to the fact that they had the argument earlier. Ms Joe loses her hearing and part of her vision and Biddy comes to live with them to help look after her. Ms Joe asks for Orlick, the suspect and is very happy to see him…

CHAPTER 17

This chapter is about a conversation between Pip and Biddy. Firstly, Pip and Biddy do their normal lessons. However they begin to drift off and talk of other things. Pip tells Biddy of his aspirations of being a gentleman. Biddy tells pip that it is impossible and that he shouldn’t get his hopes up. Pip then tells her that he loves Estella and Biddy suddenly becomes very unapproachable which suggests she has feelings towards Pip.

CHAPTER 18

Pip, Joe and mr Wopsle all go to the three jolly barge men. Mr Wopsle is telling a story from the newspaper to Joe and Pip. A strange man approaches the group and he seems very intelligent and  slightly intimidating.

I have chosen the topic sport. Last week, the rugby world cup final took place, and both The Guardian and The Telegraph wrote summarys on the match. I will be comparing both the similarities and the differences of the two articles.

The most obvious thing in the first two or three paragraphs is that both newspapers

People today communicate using verbal speaking, and texting. You will however find many similarities to the two different types of communication. Sometimes, they can influence each other, but sometimes they can be very different.

One of the main impacts on texting are omissions in speech. When we speak, we tend to purposefully miss out certain sounds or letters. For instance, when we say “what”, the h is silent. Therefore, instead of writing “what”, you can shorten it and say “wat”. Another example of omission in text is when we say “cool”. Prior to writing four letters, we can write “kl” instead. Using omissions make everything much more efficient (shorter and easier to write and read).This is due to the fact that by making a word shorter, we save time. Even if it is just a matter of two or three seconds, it benefits both the sender and recipient. The sender saves time because they don’t have to press as many letters to spell out the word; and the recipient saves time because if they see two letters that make a word, such as “kl”, their mind will instantly recognise the word without having to actually read it out.

Texting can also influence the way in which we speak. Acronyms are a main example of this. A popular version of this is “lol”. “Lol” was introduced into text conversations. It means laugh out loud. If you find something humorous in text, you can say “lol” to show that you find it funny. If people find something even more funny, they type “looooooool” to exaggerate their joy. Now people use “lol” in verbal speech. However, people don’t say it to express their joy, but their lack of it. If somebody were to tell a joke, and you did not find it funny, you could say “lol” to show your sarcasm. Unlike laughter, saying “lol”

We have many different facial expressions. They allow people to read how we are feeling. When we text, the person or people we are communicating to can not read our emotions. You could say “England were knocked out the rugby world cup”. If they don’t know who you were supporting (England or its opposition), then they wont know if you are happy that they were knocked out because you support another team, or sad. Emoticons are animated facial expressions which are a component on the majority of mobile phones and tablets today. Now, you could state something with an emoticon to let the person you are talking to know how you feel. Another way you can use them is when responding to someone else’s comment. If they said something funny, instead of saying “lol”, you could simply send a laughing emoticon.

Another way in which texting has influenced the way we speak is through initialisms. There are a number of these which are used both in text and verbal language. These include G2G, BRB, WUU2. The purpose of initialisms is to shorten a number of words into letters which are abbreviations. This results in it being much easier to type, but the receiver still understands the meaning of the initialisms. An example of this in conversation is “I’v GTG and eat dinner.” GTG means “got to go”.

Everyone has their own unique way of speaking. Sometimes, close friends and family or people who work with you notice your speaking traits, and would be able to tell it was you if you messaged them from a private phone number. Some people, like my friend Fraser who has a stutter, have more noticable speaking traits. He doesn’t  stutter when he texts of course, but if I heard him talking I would be able to know it was him, from hearing is voice and stutter. Other people have different speaking traits, apart from the way they talk. There are certain words they could say, or thing they could call people they know. For instance, my friends Ibby and lis on occasion call me “a dirty little swede”. Due to the fact that nobody else calls me that, I know it would be one of them if they messaged me from a private number. This is an example of how we subconsciously make relationships between text language and conversations.

Chester:  YYYEEESSS

Eltom: Wat

Chester: 1-0 CABAYE

Fraser: Did we get any hw on friday

Joseph: we got english for 2moro

Fraser: kl

Joseph: wat is it tho I can’t remember

Ibby: I got sent out

Joseph: With mr Murray u twat

And he would tell you to look on edutronic anyway

Ibby: I think we hav 2 rewrite our storys

?

This text conversation uses a number of non standard features, commonly seen in  the younger generations text vocabulary.

first line: this word is written in capital letters to emphasize the writers joy

second line: this is a question, so it should be followed by a question mark. however leaving out the punctuation shortens it to the writers benefit. the writer also purposefully spelt the word “what” without the h. this abbreviation shortens it even further.

third line:   in the third line, the writer states the score of a football match and says the name “CABAYE” in capital letters.the writer uses this ommision as the text participants know that the writer means that cabaye has scored, making the score 1-0.

fourth line: here, the writer asks if they got any “hw” on Friday.

in today’s modern english language, there are many techniques people use to make it more efficient. you can find these mainly in the younger generations speech. when speaking with a friend, you will instinctively speak in a less formal manner than you would with a teacher. in our transcript, it is easy to know that the way in which we speak labels us as young teenagers.

when i read my transcript, I could tell without looking at the name who was speaking; individually, we have different language traits which allow us to identify each other. the younger generation tend to use ommision to enable them to speak quicker and more effiecientley. when spoken, this sounds fine but when it is written however, it looks very strange. using ommision to speak isnt formal. this is why when a teacher and student speak with each other, they use formal language.